tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-88177943608258007452024-03-13T06:01:29.301-07:00Blog's liA Aini_@Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09675540651632795616noreply@blogger.comBlogger4125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8817794360825800745.post-80675140208698327232013-03-20T21:38:00.002-07:002013-03-20T21:38:49.130-07:00<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<span style="color: red; font-family: Jokerman;">CARA MENJADI SEKRETARIS PROFESIONAL</span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 42.55pt;">
<span style="color: red; font-family: Jokerman;">1. Menampilkan Citra Perusahaan.<br />
<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Citra perusahaan adalah hal
yang harus dijunjung tinggi. Karena sekretaris<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>adalah tangan kanan sang bos, maka sekretaris juga harus menampilkan
citra perusahaan yang baik.</span></div>
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<span style="color: red; font-family: Jokerman;"><br />
2. Baik dan Bertanggung Jawab<br />
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baik dan bertanggung jawab pada semua tugasnya. Bukan hanya baik kepada Bos
tapi juga harus baik kepada relasi dan kawan sekantor.<br />
3. Pandai Menjaga Rahasia</span></div>
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<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Sebagai tangan kanan Bos dan
selalu mendapat kepercayaan dari Bos, Sekretaris harus pandai menjaga rahasia
perusahaan maupun rahasia pribadi sang Bos.</span></div>
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<span style="color: red; font-family: Jokerman;"><br />
4. Tahu Teknoiogi<br />
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pandai berdandan, tapi seorang sekretaris juga harus up date terhadap kemajuan
teknologi misalnya teknologi informasi.</span></div>
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<span style="color: red; font-family: Jokerman;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><br />
5. Tahu Accounting dan Pembukuan<br />
<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Accounting dan pembukuan juga
harus dikuasai oleh seorang sekretaris agar bisa melakukan pembukuan kantor.</span></div>
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<span style="color: red; font-family: Jokerman;"><br />
6. Harus Bisa Bahasa Asing menguasai bahasa asing </span></div>
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<span style="color: red; font-family: Jokerman;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>adalah nilai tambah
yang harus dimiliki oleh seorang sekretaris. Karena biasanya sekretaris selalu
diminta Bos untuk bertemu dengan relasi yang berasal dari luar negeri.</span></div>
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<span style="color: red; font-family: Jokerman;"><br />
7. Mempelajari Karakter Bos<br />
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Anda tidak salah dalam bertindak dan mengambil keputusan.</span></div>
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<span style="color: red; font-family: Jokerman;"><br />
8. Mempunyai Etika yang Baik. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 42.55pt;">
<span style="color: red; font-family: Jokerman;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Seorang sekretaris
juga harus memiliki etika yang baik yaitu dalam hal berbicara, makan, duduk,
dsb. Karena itu sangat berkaitan dengan citra perusahaan.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 42.55pt;">
<span style="color: red; font-family: Jokerman;"><br />
9. Pandai Berbicara di Depan Publik<br />
<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Kadang sekretaris diminta untuk
menemani atasan untuk melakukan presentasi menggantikan sang atasan. Karena
itulah sekretaris harus bisa belajar berbicara dengan publik atau pada saat
meeting</span></div>
</div>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09675540651632795616noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8817794360825800745.post-28469379766948236422013-03-12T23:24:00.000-07:002013-03-12T23:24:40.336-07:00<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Jokerman; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><img alt="POKOK PEMBAHASAN TENTANG ARTIKEL SEKRETARIS" height="36" src="file:///C:\Users\win7\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image001.gif" width="628" /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 45.0pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="color: #7030a0; font-family: Jokerman; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Artikel sekretaris –
peranan sekretaris adalah sebagai asisstant atau tangan kanan pimpinan,
pemegang rahasia terbaik perusahaan, sebagai beranda perusahaan, sebagai
penghubung pimpinan dengan pihak luar, perawat atau pelindung pimpinan, jadi
sangat diperlukan sekretaris yang profesional. Kemampuan dan keterampilan
teknis harus mutlak dimiliki seorang sekretaris profesional untuk segala bidang
ilmu. Kemampuan berkomunikasi dan interaksi dengan pimpinan, pihak luar dan
juga rekan bisnis juga merupakan peranan yang sangat penting bagi seorang
sekretaris, dia juga harus mempunyai wawasan yang luas untuk dapat bersaing
didunia bisnis. Pada era globalisasi ini, para eksekutif memiliki mobilitas
yang tinggi, yang tentu saja menyebabkan peran seorang sekretaris menjadi
semakin penting.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 45.0pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: #7030a0; font-family: Jokerman; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Untuk menjadi seorang sekretaris
yang profesional harus memiliki keterampilan dan kemampuan seperti :</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: 45.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="color: #7030a0; font-family: Jokerman; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Jokerman; mso-fareast-font-family: Jokerman;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="color: #7030a0; font-family: Jokerman; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Kemampuan dan keterampilan teknis yang
harus dan mutlak di kuasai oleh seorang sekretaris seperti computer, bahasa
inggris, shorthand dan filling.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: 45.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="color: #7030a0; font-family: Jokerman; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Jokerman; mso-fareast-font-family: Jokerman;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: #7030a0; font-family: Jokerman; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Kemampuan
berkomunikasi dan berinteraksi, oleh karena tugas sekretaris adalah berhubungan
dengan berbagai individu yang masing-masing berbeda latar belakang, berbeda
status sosial, berbeda kepentingan, berbeda kedudukan, maka sekretaris dituntut
mampu memahami pihak-pihak yang terlibat dengannya.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: 45.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="color: #7030a0; font-family: Jokerman; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Jokerman; mso-fareast-font-family: Jokerman;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: #7030a0; font-family: Jokerman; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Keterampilan
penggunaan mesin-mesin kantor (PABX, mesin printer, mesin fotocopy, scanner,
mesin fax dan lain sebagainya).</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 45.0pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: #7030a0; font-family: Jokerman; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Selain hal tersebut diatas
sekretaris yang profesional secara teknik harus menguasai pekerjaan dan
memiliki kecerdasan emosi yang tinggi dalam :</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: 45.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="color: #7030a0; font-family: Jokerman; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Jokerman; mso-fareast-font-family: Jokerman;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="color: #7030a0; font-family: Jokerman; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Pengambilan keputusan</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: 45.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="color: #7030a0; font-family: Jokerman; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Jokerman; mso-fareast-font-family: Jokerman;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: #7030a0; font-family: Jokerman; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Kepemimpinan</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: 45.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="color: #7030a0; font-family: Jokerman; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Jokerman; mso-fareast-font-family: Jokerman;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: #7030a0; font-family: Jokerman; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Kepuasan
pelanggan</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: 45.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="color: #7030a0; font-family: Jokerman; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Jokerman; mso-fareast-font-family: Jokerman;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: #7030a0; font-family: Jokerman; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Kerjasama
dan saling percaya</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 45.0pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: #7030a0; font-family: Jokerman; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Dalam fungsinya sebagai
sekretaris yang professional, sekretaris dituntut mampu bekerja mandiri,
bekerja tanpa pengawasan, untuk itu harus memiliki komitmen pada tugas. Tugas
dan tanggung jawab seorang sekretaris professional tidak hanya terbatas pada
kelancaran kerja administrasi perusahaan. Lebih dari itu, seorang sekretaris
professional harus mampu mengkoordinasikan kegiatan kerja atasannya. Dalam hal
ini segala pekerjaan yang berhubungan dengan komunikasi dan hubungan dengan
relasi pada eksekutif merupakan kewajiban dari seorang sekretaris dan menuntut
kemampuan yang memadai. Seorang sekretaris yang professional sangat berperan
dalam pencapaian sasaran perusahaan, sesuai dengan target yang telah
dicanangkan. Untuk itu ia harus juga mengembangkan diri dalam kemampuan
manajerial yang jauh lebih luas daripada keterampilan professional.</span><span style="color: #7030a0; font-family: Jokerman;"></span></div>
</div>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09675540651632795616noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8817794360825800745.post-68399718125873834522013-03-12T22:42:00.002-07:002013-03-12T22:43:27.875-07:00pengantar manajemen<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 22.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Teori
Manajemen Klasik</span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: .5in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Prinsip
teori Manajemen Aliran Klasik. Awal sekali ilmu manajemen timbul akibat
terjadinya revolusi industri di inggris pada abad 18.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: .5in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Para
pemikir tersebut memberikan perhatian terhadap masalah-masalah manajemen yang
timbul baik di kalangan usahawan, industri maupun masyarakat. Para pemikir itu
yang terkenal antara lain, Robert Owen, Henry Fayol, Frederick W, Taylor, dan
lain-lain.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: .5in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Robert Owen (1771 – 1858)</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: .5in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Robert
Owen adalah orang yang menentang Praktek-praktek yang mempekerjakan anak-anak
usia 5 atau 6 tahun dan standar kerja 13 jam per hari. Tersentuh dengan kondisi
kerja yang amat menyedihkan itu, beliau mengajukan adanya perbaikan terhadap
kondisi kerja ini. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: .5in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Pada
tahun-tahun awal revolusi industri, ketika para pekerja dianggap instrumen yang
tidak berdaya, Owen melihat meningkatkan kondisi kerja di pabrik, menaikkan
usia minimum kerja bagi anak-anak, mengurangi jam kerja karyawan, menyediakan
makanan bagi karyawan pabrik, mendirikan toko-toko untuk menjual keperluan
hidup karyawan dengan harga yang layak, dan berusaha memperbaiki lingkungan
hidup tempat karyawan tinggal, dengan membangun rumah-rumah dan membuat jalan,
sehingga lingkungan hidup dan pabrik menjadi menarik. Oleh sebab itu, beliau
disebut bapak personal Manajemen Modern.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: .5in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Selain
itu, Owen lebih banyak memperhatikan pekerja, karena menurutnya, investasi yang
penting bagi manager adalah sumber daya manusia. Selain mengenai perbaikan
kondisi kerja, beliau juga membuat prosedur untuk meningkatkan produktivitas,
seperti prosedur penilaian kerja dan bersaing juga secara terbuka.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: .5in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: .5in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Henry Fayol (1841 – 1925)</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: .5in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Pada
tahun 1916, dengan sebutan teori manajemen klasik yang sangat memperhatikan
produktivitas pabrik dan pekerja, disamping memperhatikan manajemen<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>bagi satu organisasi yang komplek, sehingga
beliau menampilkan satu metode ajaran manajemen yang lebih utuh dalam bentuk
cetak biru.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: .5in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Fayol
berkeyakinan keberhasilan para manajer tidak hanya ditentukan oleh mutu
pribadinya, tetapi karena adanya penggunaan metode manajemen yang tepat.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Sumbagan
terbesar dari Fayol berupa pandangannya tentang manajemen yang bukanlah semata
kecerdasan pribadi, tetapi lebih merupakan satu keterampilan yang dapat
diajarkan dari dipahami prinsip-prinsip pokok dan teori umumnya yang telah
dirumuskan. Fayol membagi kegiatan dan operasi perusahaan ke dalam 6 macam
kegiatan :</span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">a.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Teknis
(produksi) yaitu berusaha menghasilkan dan membuat barang-barang produksi.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Dagang
(Beli, Jual, Pertukaran) dengan tara mengadakan pembelian bahan mentah dan
menjual hasil produksi.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">c.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Keuangan
( Pencarian dan penggunaan optimum atas modal ) berusaha mendapatkan dan
menggunakan modal.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">d.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Keamanan
( Perlindugan harga milik dan manusia ) berupa melindungi pekerja dan
barang-barang kekayaan perusahaan.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">e.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Akuntansi
dengan adanya pencatatan dan pembukuan biaya, utang, keuntungan dan neraca,
serta berbagi data statistik.</span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Manajemen klasik :</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="mso-list: l3 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Pengembangan
manajemen dilakukan oleh teoritis.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l3 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Investasi
terbesar adalah karyawan</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l3 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Tenaga
kerja diberi pelatihan keterampilan sesuai operasi pabrik</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l3 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Karyawan
bertanggung jawab atas pekerjaan tertentu yang berulang</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="mso-list: l3 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: .5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">5.<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">Adanya
skema pembagian keuntungan.</span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: .5in; text-align: right;">
<a href="http://dandyadventures.blogspot.com/"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">http://dandyadventures.blogspot.com</span></a><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";"></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 22.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt;">Perkembangan
Teori Manajemen</span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Manajemen</span></b><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">
berasal dari </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_Prancis" title="Bahasa Prancis"><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">bahasa Prancis</span></a><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> kuna <i>ménagement</i>, yang memiliki arti <i>seni
melaksanakan dan mengatur</i>. Karenanya, manajemen dapat diartikan sebagai
ilmu dan seni tentang upaya untuk memanfaatkan semua sumber daya yang dimiliki
untuk mencapai tujuan secara efektif dan efesien.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 4; text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Pengertian Manajer</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Manajer
adalah seorang yang karena pengalaman, pengetahuan, dan keterampilannya diakui
oleh organisasi untuk memimpin, mengatur, mengelola, mengendalikan dan mengembangkan
kegiatan organisasi dalam rangka mencapai tujuan.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Tugas-tugas
seorang manajer adalah :</span></div>
<ul type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Memimpin </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organisasi" title="Organisasi"><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">organisasi</span></a><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Mengatur organisasi</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Mengendalikan organisasi</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Mengembangkan organisasi</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Mengatasi berbagai masalah yang
terjadi di dalam organisasi</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Menciptakan kerja sama di dalam
organisasi.</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Menjalin kerja sama dengan
pihak-pihak di luar organisasi</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Menumbuhkan kepercayaan</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Meningkatkan rasa tanggung
jawab</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Mengawasi/mengendalikan kegiatan
organisasi</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Melakukan evaluasi terhadap
kegiatan yang telah dilakukan</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Menggali dan mengembangkan
potensi sumber daya</span></li>
</ul>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 4; text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Manajemen sebagai ilmu, seni, dan profesi</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Ilmu
manajemen merupakan suatu kumpulan </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pengetahuan" title="Pengetahuan"><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">pengetahuan</span></a><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">
yang disistemisasi, dikumpulkan dan diterima kebenarannya. Hal ini dibuktikan
dengan adanya </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metode_ilmiah" title="Metode ilmiah"><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">metode ilmiah</span></a><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> yang dapat digunakan dalam setiap penyelesaian masalah
dalam manajemen. Metode ilmiah pada hakikatnya meliputi urutan kegiatan sebagai
berikut.</span></div>
<ol start="1" type="1">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo4; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Mengetahui adanya persoalan.</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo4; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Mendefinisikan persoalan.</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo4; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Mengumpulkan fakta, data dan
informasi.</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo4; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Menyusun alternatif
penyelesaian.</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo4; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Mengambil keputusan dengan
memilih salah satu alternatif penyelesaian.</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo4; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Melaksanakan keputusan serta
tindak lanjut.</span></li>
</ol>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Selain
manajemen sebagai ilmu, manajemen juga dianggap sebagai </span><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seni" title="Seni"><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">seni</span></a><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">. Hal ini disebabkan oleh
kepemiminan memerlukan <i>kharisma</i>, <i>stabilitas emosi</i>, <i>kewibawaan</i>,
<i>kejujuran</i>, <i>kemampuan menjalin hubungan antaramanusia</i> yang
semuanya itu banyak ditentukan oleh bakat seseorang dan tidak dapat dipelajari.</span></div>
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<a href="http://elqorni.wordpress.com/"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";">http://elqorni.wordpress.com</span></a><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";"></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 22.0pt;">Teori Organisasi
Klasik</span></b></div>
<div align="center" class="Default" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div class="Default" style="text-indent: .5in;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">Henry Fayol (1841-1925) </span></b><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">mengemukakan 14
prinsip mamajemen : </span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">1.
Division of work </span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">2.
Authority and responsibility </span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="Default">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">3.
Diciplin </span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">4.
Unity of command </span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">5.
Unity of direction </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">6.
Subordination of individual interest to generale interest. </span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="Default">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">7.
Renumeration </span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">8.
Centralization </span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">9.
Scalar chain(garis wewenang) </span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">10.
Order </span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">11.
Equity </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">12.
Stability of tonure of personel </span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="Default">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">13.
Initiative </span></div>
<div class="Default">
<br /></div>
<div class="Default">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">14.
Esprit the corps. </span></div>
<div class="Default">
<br /></div>
<div class="Default">
<br /></div>
<div class="Default">
<br /></div>
<div class="Default">
<br /></div>
<div class="Default">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="Default" style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 22.0pt;">ALIRAN HUBUNGAN
MANUSIAWI</span></b></div>
<div align="center" class="Default" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div class="Default">
<b><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">ALIRAN
HUBUNGAN MANUSIAWI (NEO KLASIK/PASCA KLASIK) </span></b><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;"></span></div>
<div class="Default" style="text-indent: .5in;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">Aliran ini timbul karena teori klasik tidak
sepenuhnya menghasilkan efisiensi dalam produksi dan keselarasan kerja,
sehingga perlu dilengkapi dengan pandangan sosiologi dan psikologi </span></div>
<div class="Default">
<br /></div>
<div class="Default">
<b><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">Hugo
Munsterberg ( 1863-1916) </span></b><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;"></span></div>
<div class="Default" style="text-indent: .5in;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">Adalah pencetus psikologi industri/bapak
psikologi industri, dalam bukunya Psikologi and Industrial Efficiency
dikemukakan untuk mencapai tujuan produktifitas harus melakukan 3 cara: </span></div>
<div class="Default" style="text-indent: .5in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="Default">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">1.
Best possible person </span></div>
<div class="Default">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">2.
Best possible work </span></div>
<div class="Default">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">3.
Best possible effect </span></div>
<div class="Default">
<br /></div>
<div class="Default">
<b><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">Elton
Mayo (1880-1949) </span></b><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;"></span></div>
<div class="Default" style="text-indent: .5in;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">Mengatakan bahwa kenaikan produktifitas bukan
diakibatkan oleh insentif keuangan tetapi <b>rantai reaksi </b>emosional antar
pekerja (upah, jam istirahat, hari kerja, dsb) berpengaruh terhadap peningkatan
produktifitas, perhatian khusus dan simpati sangat berpengaruh. Fenomena ini
disebut <b>Howthorne Effect. </b></span></div>
<div class="Default" style="text-indent: .5in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="Default" style="text-indent: .5in;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="Default" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="Default" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="Default" style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 22.0pt;">ALIRAN HUBUNGAN
MODERN </span></b></div>
<div align="center" class="Default" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div class="Default" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">Ditandai dengan pendapat yang baru mengenai
perilaku manusia dalam sistem ( Teori Perilaku):</span></div>
<div class="Default" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="Default" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">1. Manajemen tidak dapat dipandang sebagai
proses teknik secara ketat. </span></div>
<div class="Default" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="Default" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">2. Manajemen harus sistematis. </span></div>
<div class="Default" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="Default" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">3. Pengawasan harus sesuai dengan situasi. </span></div>
<div class="Default" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="Default" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">4. Pendekatan motivasional pada pekerja untuk
mencapai tujuan organisasi. </span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
</div>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09675540651632795616noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8817794360825800745.post-28359869371686484092013-02-19T19:38:00.000-08:002013-02-19T19:38:57.301-08:00beranda<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="IN" style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;">TEORI ORGANISASI KLASIK</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;"></span></b></div>
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<span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span></span><span lang="IN" style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;">Dampak teori klasik pada organisasi
telah dan masih dirasakan sangat besar. Sebagai contoh, organisasi yang
disarankan birokrasi dan banyak bagian lain dari teori klasik telah ada ribuan
tahun yang lalu, seperti yang dikenal dalam kerajaan Mesir, China dan
kekaisaran Romawi</span><span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;">.</span><span lang="IN" style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;"> Para teoritisi klasik
menekankan pentingnya “rantai perintah dan penggunaan disiplin, aturan dan
supervisi ketat untuk mengubah organisa</span><span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;">s</span><span lang="IN" style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;">i-organisasi agar
beroperasi lebih efisien.</span><span lang="IN" style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;"> </span><span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;"></span></div>
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<span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span></span><span lang="IN" style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;">Teori klasik berkembang dalam tiga
aliran : birokrasi, teori administrasi, dan manajemen ilmiah. Ketiga aliran ini
dibangun atas dasar anggapan-anggapan yang sama. Ketiganya juga mempunyai efek
yang sama dalam praktek, dan semuanya dikembangkan sekitar tahun 1900-1950 oleh
kelompok-kelompok penulis yang bekerja secara terpisah dan tidak saling berhubungan.
Sebagai contoh, Lyndall Urwick, salah satu penulis teori administrasi, menulis
bukunya tanpa membaca buku Max Weber, yang merupakan buku terpenting tentang
birokrasi.</span><span style="color: #1d1b11; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-themecolor: background2; mso-themeshade: 26;"></span></div>
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